Legal, Safety, and Regulatory Requirements Essay

Abstract The workplace can be a very dynamic place; there are so many different people with all kinds of personalities. Because there are so many different personalities, there are different needs of safety which can create obstacles in the organization. This is where the Human Resource Department comes into play, they make sure that the needs of all employees are met and that they are working in a safe environment. Litigation has taken the place of common sense and compassion within organizations over the past years. Litigation has become a main priority and the Department of Labor, Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 and also the Department of Homeland Security all have been regulating this. Although some may disagree that litigation has created a more structured work environment, there are a lot that would say it has. Litigation has balanced out the differences in the workplace. U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission There once was a time when common sense and compassion were used to decide what to do with issues, but now that there are laws put in place to ensure that legal, safety, and regulatory requirements are obeyed there are less issues. The U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) is one of those regulations. The U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission enforces federal laws which make it illegal for any organization to discriminate against someone applying for the position or someone who is already an employee for reasons like their race, gender, color of skin, age, disability, or religion. (U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, 2011) This also ensures that a person who is claiming that they were discriminated against is not discriminated for that. These laws are applied to any type of work situations, like harassments, wages/benefits, hiring/firing, promotions, or any type of training. If a company discriminates based on any of these assumptions they will be investigated and possibly prosecuted if found guilty. (U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, 2011) Department of Labor Department of Labor is another one that focuses on employee-related regulations. The Department of Labor  enforces well over 180 laws; these laws regulate many activities that go on in the work environment. The Fair Labor Standards Act is one of these laws and it ensures that employees that are working overtime are paid fairly. (United States Department of Labor, 2011) Another federal law that the Department of Labor regulates is the Occupational Safety and Health Act which ensures that private industries are regulated on a regular basis and they must be approved by the Occupational Safety and Health Act state programs. This is only two acts that ensure litigation for the Department of Labor, but there are many more. (United States Department of Labor, 2011) American with Disabilities Act Another law that was passed to regulate legal and safety requirements was the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990. This law was passed by congress to ensure that nobody with a disability regardless of what kind of disability it may be cannot be discriminated against simply for that reason. The disability has to be further evaluated before any decisions are made. (U.S. Department of Justice, 2011) If the applicant has a disability such as abuse form a substance or their vision is impaired, but can be corrected with prescribed lenses than they cannot be discriminated against. In 2008 former President George W. Bush passed the American Disability Act of 2008 which made the protection of disabled workers a little broader. (U.S. Department of Justice, 2011) U.S. Department of Homeland Security The U.S. Department of Homeland Security regulates our nation and makes sure that all threats are taken seriously and handled properly. They have a goal which entails that the federal agency must make sure that environmental justice is a top priority. (U.S. Department of Homeland Security, 2011) Conclusion I personally feel that all of these laws are set in place to ensure that all work related issues are handled without any favor. Before any of these laws it was he said she said, there was a lot of discrimination against people, so most of the time decisions were not made fairly. Human Resources have to regulate all of these laws, they deal with all of the issues in an organization and they handle them all based on federal laws. All problems  are evaluated and decided based on litigation, not by common sense or compassion because one person’s view on common sense or compassion may not be fair or just. References: United States Department of Labor, (2011). Rulemaking and Regulations. Retrieved February 14, 2012 from http://www.dol.gov/asp/regs/rulemaking.htm U.S. Department of Homeland Security, (2011). About. Retrieved February 14, 2012 from http://www.dhs.gov/files/prepresprecovery.shtm U.S. Department of Justice, (2011). ADA Regulations and Technical Assistance Materials. Retrieved February 15, 2012 from http://www.ada.gov/publicat.htm#Anchor-14210 U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, (2011). Overview. Retrieved February 14, 2012 from http://www.eeoc.gov/eeoc/index.cfm

The Catastrophe of Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant

On April 26 1986, the reactor Unit 4 at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant was not working properly. When workers tried to fix this problem in reactor 4 by shutting down the its power regulating system and its emergency safety systems, this caused the most serious and dangerous accident in the history of nuclear power generation. The Chernobyl accident released large amounts of radioactive materials into in the atmosphere, which were carried by air currents. Soon after this catastrophe, these radioactive materials were spread by the wind over many countries, which polluted their atmosphere. The release of radioactivity had a deadly effect on people's health and the environment; thus, before building such a plant, safety and emergency procedures must be guaranteed. The radioactive materials, which have been released from the accident, affected people's health for several years. The Russian government admitted the release of radioactivity, when the Swedish monitoring stations reported abnormal high levels of wind transported radioactivity as clarified by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA). The government had to evacuate many areas and declare it as a † Forbidden zone † to protect people from radioactivity. Initially the accident caused the death of 32 people(B. Hummer,Nils â€Å"Chernobyl the accident† – http//:bcf. usc. edu/meshkati/chernobyl. html). The radioactive materials released from this accident are 200 times as much radioactivity as the Hiroshima and Nagasaki explosions (Dahl,Birgitta â€Å"The Chornobyl Nuclear Disaster† http//:scf. usc. edu/~melan). Its human death losses and the amount of the radiation released into the environment, raised a large number of problems not only for the treatment of severely exposed persons, but also The decisions that had to be taken considering the population. Thus, the number of people who were suffering from cancer was increasing and the number of thyroid cancers among children also increased in the most affected area: Belarus, Ukraine and Russia (Encyclopedia of Britannica online). Indeed, for several years, babies were born deformed and thousands were suffering from illnesses and cancer (which takes 8 to 10 years to appear), scientists and doctors were alerted because after only four years thyroid cancer increased much more than their expectations and its growth was more quickly than they expected and its pattern was different from the patterns known till now (Specter,M. Willy â€Å"The Three Mile Island and Chernobyl nuclear power accidents† `The New York Times`, Sunday march 31,1996). All these factors have increased diseases among the people living in the exposed area and the workers involved in clearing the site after the accident. In my opinion, it is extremely difficult to imagine the psychological effects of Chernobyl accident on the people who experienced it. In addition, this emotional stress and other psychological factors are the main possible cause of people's illnesses after the accident and in the future. The radiation did not only affect people's health but it polluted the environment and the territories beside the reactor. The area beside Chernobyl was heavily polluted because 70% of the radioactive substances fell on it (Encyclopedia of Britannica online). As stated by Najmedin Meshkati, a nuclear scientist; â€Å"The most dangerous thing was the food pollution (cesium, strontium, plutonium and americium) in milk and meat products are with concentration several hundred times higher than pre accident levels and often above the permitted levels and it will not disappear before 300 years†. Although, people know that these regions are heavily polluted and that meat and milk products have accumulated high quantities of radioactive substances, more than 1. 8 million people are still living there (Specter,M. Willy â€Å"The Three Mile Island and Chernobyl nuclear power accidents† `The New York Times`, Sunday march 31,1996). They drink radioactive fluids, eat radioactive substance (cesium131) will stay in the food and liquids and will not disappear completely before 300 years†. The consequences of these substances will not be noticed but after many years and it will not only affect the present generation but also the future generation. To insure maximum safety, emergency systems should be guaranteed before building any nuclear power plant. Thus, authorities must not ignore the possibility of the occurrence of an accident. The failure of workers to identify the problem between the systems to insure safety, and their failure to cooperate with each other is unacceptable. Workers must be trained to deal with real emergency situations in order to respond fast and to control it. However, after Chernobyl, solutions to insure the safety of large-scale technological systems have fallen into the categories of management and cost control (B. Hummer,Nils â€Å"Chernobyl the accident† -http//:bcf. usc. edu/meshkati/chernobyl. html). The cost to clean up the mess caused by the nuclear power plants are much more expensive than to install a new emergency system. Thus, the cost to maintain safety is negligible compared to the cost, which they have to pay if an accident happened. Moreover, authorities must be strict concerning the regulations of nuclear power plants. Many improvements in radiation protection and emergency preparations have been made, possible by the Chernobyl experience (Encyclopedia of Britannica online). The lessons drawn from the Chernobyl accident are valuable: human's life is precious. Thus, human must learn from their mistakes and know how to prevent their happening especially if these mistakes may cost innocent people's lives. An accident such as the catastrophe of Chernobyl is a descrase for humanity, that's why we cannot afford such mistakes again. Because some mistakes are unforgiving.

Corporate Communication Essay

Introduction The organization which this report will be based on is called Mirihi Island Resort. Mirihi Island Resort is a five star resort located in a secluded island in South Ari atoll of Maldives. It consists of 36 rooms from 6 are beach villas and the remaining 30 are water villas. This resort is under Crown Company (Mohamed, 2014). There are total of 145 staffs mixed from all levels. 60% of the staffs are from Maldives and the rest of the staffs are from India, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, Nepal, Germany, Switzerland, Netherlands, China, Thailand and etc. Their slogan is â€Å"Mirihi as â€Å"unique† as you†. Like as said in the slogan, Mirihi is a very unique resort. No wearing of shoes or sandals, no motorized water sports, no night animation and no TV’s in the room makes their customers feel like being in Maldives and unique (Mohamed, 2014). Vision Mirihi’s vision is to be always on top of all the Maldivian resorts in service and standard wise to make challenging for other hotels. To be most quiet and peaceful resort in the country as well never pushes on sales. Respect all different culture by providing the same levels of services. Staffs will be well trained for an excellence services and try utmost to motivate the staffs by whichever possible way (Mohamed, 2014). Mission In this highly developing tourism industry; their aim is to keep the guests satisfaction up to the standard while providing services in a quick and efficient way. Focus on improving service standard by observing difference between the resorts and from guest’s feedbacks. Maintain the cleanliness of the rooms, increasing the food quality rapidly, continuous updating the information and training for the staffs, flexibility, making customer feels special and as well â€Å"everything is possible† attitude will be the best advantages to achieve the goals. Never stop trying until achieve the goal (Mohamed, 2014). This report will be evaluating and analyzing the corporate communication of Mirihi Island Resort. Discussion Definition of corporate communication Corporate communication is managing an organization’s internal and external communications with the purpose of establishing and maintaining favorable reputations with its various audience to the mutual benefits of both and to its improved competitive advantage (Kalahub, 2009), (Richard, 2000). Corporate communication includes advertising, public relations and marketing, marketing communications, but they all function under a managed perspective (Kalahub, 2009). Functions of corporate communication There are many functions of corporate communication. Among some of them are discussed below. Media Relations Among all the functions this may be the function for which corporate communication managers are well known. It is because they are engaged in the media relation works, where they have to write and distribute news releases with responding to media enquiries. Corporate communication manager have to oversee all planning for news conferences. Also the manager has to arrange everything needed for the spokesperson to appear on the local television and the radio programs. In addition to that the manager also have to monitor all the news broadcasters and other outlets to see what the media is talking about the company and have to advise strategies to address misinformation (Frederick, 2014). Public Relations Under public relations fall, building relationships with customers and responding to studies from the public. Here, the corporate communication manager is responsible for providing all the information needed to the general public through newsletters, brochures and other printed materials. He/she also has to manage the company’s website by monitoring the feedbacks given by the public and responding to inaccurate posts or requests for information in order to build a good relationship between the public and the organization (Frederick, 2014). Crisis Communication If something unexpected happened in a company that will be a threat to public  safety or company’s reputation. For such a critical event all staff should be well trained and prepared for it as it will help corporate communication to prepare for it in a short period of time. Corporate communicators mainly works with their own staff to develop crisis communication before any disaster strikes but in case of developing crisis message they should work with different of people or company, it might be a political officials, attorneys or an emergency response person. Therefore it’s the responsibility of corporate communicators to advise senior leaders in a company to manage the crisis (Frederick, 2014). Employee Communications When a company needs to deliver a message to external audience, the corporate communication manager may has to act as employee communications manager. Being that position they have to design printed publications and write emails to announce company news, important information and training opportunities. Corporate communicator also may have to create a focus group to learn what issues the front-line employees are mostly facing. Also they give advices to the senior leaders on how to improve relationships with their staffs and gain support for the initiatives. In general, the corporate communicator manages a company’s Intranet and internal blogs (Frederick, 2014). Investor Relations The main purpose of investor relations is to reassure shareholders that by investing in the company they have taken a wise move, and even though if they don’t want to buy more shares they should continue to hold onto their shares. The importance of this communication is towards the financial success of the company and the decisions it makes that lead to growth. Therefore the employees involve in investor relations has prepare regular financial and management reports and briefs for the financial media (Scotter, 2014). Internal Communication In the internal communication the corporate communicator has to focus on aligning staff with the organizational values and purpose. Therefore, the corporate communication manager has to arrange staff conferences with senior managers, sharing stories on the company intranet and organizing award schemes to reinforce organizational values. Internal communication often  mediates with media relations, sharing positive coverage internally to raise morale (Scotter, 2014). Corporate Advertising Corporate advertising is any advertisement that focuses more on public relation than sales promotion. The purpose of the advertisement is to build a company’s image, reputation and presence among the general public or within the industry. Corporate advertising is regarded as one of a variety of communication tool that is used to promote the desired corporate brand’s corporate identity rather than promoting company’s specific products or services (Zulhamri, 2012). Public Affairs In an organization at the local, state and federal level, all the sectors are subject to laws and regulations. Therefore, public affairs staffs’ job is to forward organization’s case for amendments to existing legislation. In some cases they have to campaign for new laws as well. For this reason public affairs staff’s job often work with media relations to run integrated campaigns (Scotter, 2014). Definitions of Identity, Image and Reputation Identity A company’s identity is what the company is, the way the company is being recognized and the characteristics that defines the company (Corp, 2014). For example the company’s name is a part of its identity. Image An image of an organization is the perceptions that different people hold of an organization. Such perceptions differs depending on how well people know the organization. Some perceptions are derived from people’s individual experiences and impressions of the organization and also by the marketing and communication activities (Bailey, 2008). For example when someone says Rolex watch the first thing that comes to the mind is the quality and the price of the product. It is because the Rolex watch is commercialized in such a way that people believes that it is expensive hence a quality product. Reputation It is the collection of perceptions about a company that is hold by the stakeholders with whom it relates, both internal and external† (Munich, 2008). For example Apple Company is a very high reputed company, hence they provide high quality products and they have been continuously trying to keep on their standard. Analysis Analyzing using Rep Track Model In every organization it is very important to analyze their image, identity and reputation in order to be successful. To analyze these three things the best tool or model is the Rep Track Model. It is the world’s first standardized tool for tracking reputation of globally across stakeholder groups. It tracks 23 key performance indicators grouped around 7 reputation dimensions that is effective in getting stakeholders to support the company that has been proven by researchers. The following diagram shows an illustration of Rep Track Model. The seven reputation dimensions will be used to analyze the reputation of the selected company, Mirihi Island Resort. Product/Services Mirihi is a service oriented company. Reviewed by many customers that has been to Mirihi, they have a high quality service which fulfills customer requirements and their needs. Compare to other top most leading resorts, Mirihi has high prices for their packages, compare to their service. Because in Mirihi there are no televisions available in the room and the rooms are not so big. It’s not because they can’t afford it or they don’t want to give that service. It is because they want their customers to get the chance to be relaxed without being engaged to the news and other media entertainments. On the other hand they provide high speed Wi-Fi so they can be in touch with their family and friends. However their customers are very much comfortable and happy with their service. Innovation Mirihi is the first resort in the Maldives who provided the service of encountering whale sharks for their customers. And they keep trying to come up with new innovations to make their services more and more unique. They are very flexible for their customers, can come up with their own ideas of  different activities or services. Also they always try to change their way of giving services. Workplace If any one goes through the reviews about Mirihi Island Resort it will see from all the comments about their wonderful staffs and their fantastic service. This shows that how happily the staffs are working in order to build the reputation of the company. Mirihi management always make sure that their employees are well trained and highly motivated. Therefore they frequently conduct training sessions for all the staffs including top management staffs. They don’t discriminate between their staffs, they distribute early bonus and salary increments equally and fairly. Mirihi gives full support for the staffs who wants to invent things and those who wants to study as well. Mirihi staffs has the opportunity to internally change their positions. Governance In Mirihi they have general session in every month to share their achievements, financial situations, about the allowances starting from the last four years so that it is easy to compare and about all the upcoming programs or events. They are very transparent as they always tell exactly the situation with the government regarding the taxes to their staffs. And they prepare annual report and submit it to the government and also they pay taxes on time. They make sure that their staffs are aware and follow the rules and regulations public by the government. Citizenship Mirihi is a very environmentally friend company. They never cut down the trees and according to their policy cutting down the trees are prohibited unless it is very necessary. They have very strict rules for the guests not to stand on the corals, not to collect anything from the sea, not to put anything in to the sea and not to feed the fishes. And the guests are Leadership In Mirihi they have charismatic Managers. From the management they always make sure that they keep on the standards or improve their level to get on the top most. Whenever they face any issues or threats they overcome it making suitable strategies. They make sure that their staffs are comfortable  with their given resources. Performance They have been as the top resort on the famous travelling website for almost one year. At the moment also they are in the top six. From this clearly can be seen that they performed well with high profitability. Monthly and annually they make huge profit compare to their expectations and therefore they are able to provide early bonus to their staffs with an amount of around MVR10,000 for each staff. Their market share has been growth, still being among the smallest resorts in the Maldives. Recommendation Even though Mirihi is a profit gaining and reputed company, there are few things that they need to improve. †¢They need to have corporate communication department to analyze their re †¢They should conduct performance appraisals or evaluate their staffs performance more frequently and give feedbacks on their performance so that they know what are things that need to be improved. †¢Mirihi should provide a 24 hour room service to make their service better since they don’t have a 24 hour restaurant or a bar. †¢There are not enough sun beds on the beach for the guests to enjoy the sun bath. So they should provide more sun beds on the beach. †¢Finally the guest Wi-Fi and the staffs Wi-Fi is very slow and the guest Wi-Fi is not available most of the areas like specially in the spa. So they should provide Wi-Fi to the most areas so that their service could be more improves. And the Wi-Fi should fast. Bibliography Bailey, S. R. (2008). InternationalEncyclopedia of Orgnaization Studies. SAGE publications, Inc. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.4135/9781412956246 Corp. (2014). Your Dictionary. Retrieved from Your Dictionary Web site: http://www.yourdictionary.com/identity Frederick, A. (2014). Small Business.chron. Retrieved from Small Business.chron Web site: http://smallbusiness.chron.com/functions-corporate-communication-department-23716.html Kalahub. (2009, November 07). Slide Share. Retrieved from Slide Share Web site: http://www.slideshare.net/9924927019/corporate-communication-2444333

Business and Society Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Business and Society - Case Study Example From this study it is clear that Warhead cables were used in missiles and to prove its quality, it underwent a series of tests. It was tested using an elevated heat test where it was bent at a ninety degree angle and placed in an oven at approximately 105 degrees for seven hours. If the seal did not delaminate, then the cables passed the test. Then Stanton could prepare a detailed report of the test results. In the previous week, a large order came by with a short time period.   On Friday, Stanton tested the batch of cables and two out of the ten tested had a problem. He immediately reported this to Harry who directed him to wait and see if the source inspector could note the problem. Stanton did not like this directive at all as he thought of all innocent civilians out there who would suffer form this unethical behavior. These cables were used in missiles fuses and Stanton was worried sick of a problem arising if these cables were to be used. What if a missile was to fire itself a nd harm innocent civilians? He thought of anyone in the parent corporation that he could contact but to no avail.According to the discussion  Bryson corporation should act ethically due to the dangers they would be exposing civilians into if they failed to act ethically. Considering the warhead cables are used to manufacture switches used in missiles unethical behavior could cost innocent lives in the case of such missiles firing themselves.

Roman Empire Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Roman Empire - Essay Example 136 ) marks a significant episode in Rome’s military history, for they nearly lost the war to Hannibal, a great Carthaginian general. With the defeat of Hannibal at Zama by the Roman general Scipio, and the experience gained during the war, Rome appears to have learnt a lot from it and harbored bitter feelings at least for Carthage for the damages Hannibal caused; ravaging much of their homeland and leaving it in a deplorable state. The effect of this was to be seen in the manner in which Rome later formulated strategies, for tactical reasons, in handling her allies and foes in an attempt to expand and consolidate her empire. Indeed, it is the Punic wars that saw the rise of the Roman Empire and echoed the thud falling of the republic. With the fall of Carthage, The Romans inflicted severe punishment on her, an attempt which was meant to ensure that Carthage remained subservient. In the treaty signed between the two, Carthage agreed to Scipio’s terms which required her to pay Rome an indemnity of 10,000 talents in the subsequent five decades. In addition, Carthage was not to enter into any war without Rome’s consent and was to surrender her navy; all her warships and elephants (Koeller 2005).This defeat, coupled with the unfriendly Scipio’s terms, humbled Carthage and the Romans felt that the punishment rendered her toothless and that she was never to bite again, leave alone bark at Rome. In using this approach, Rome successfully managed to tame and robe Carthage of her political power making her to coil her tail, but not for long. Rome was not done with Carthage just yet. In a move seen as one to expand its empire, Rome turned its rage on the Kingdoms that did offer support to Hannibal during the war. Such were the kingdom of Macedon and some parts of Greece .This also saw the Mediterranean islands and Spain cede to Rome. Another score card at Rome’s disposal that came into effect during this period was the adoption of a rapa cious and brutal foreign policy: diplomacy based on trickery rather than on true valor. Lewis and Reinhold 1990 p. 202-203 provides succinctly how Rome, with their act of deceit, hoodwinked king Perseus, tactfully, with a scheme that saw him disadvantaged in a war Rome undeservingly won. Reporting their mission to the senate, notes Reinhold and Lewis, Marcius and Atillus were acknowledged for having shown skillful management in the execution of their mandate and their mission was approved. Though not a unilateral senate decision (with the older senators not amused with this decision terming it contrary to Roman traditions), the cunning diplomacy saw the day. It is in light of the above perhaps, that ruthless oppression became synonymous to Roman rule as seen in the acts of such individuals as Servius Salpicius Galba, the praetor of Farther Spain. Galba, during the war with the Lusitanians, committed a terrible atrocity, one which Reinhold terms as ‘treacherous annihilation of a disarmed populace.’ Disguised as a peace maker and a sympathizer to the Lusitanians, Galba cunningly laid a snare in which his prey unsuspectingly got trapped. Defenseless and disadvantaged as they were, the Lusitanians were easily slewed by the Roman soldiers. This unfriendly Rome’s foreign policy subjected onto uninviting kingdoms appears to have worked in Rome’

Resource Management Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Resource Management - Research Paper Example for various stages of the project; allocating resources efficiently for current and projected schedules; and creating resource pool where information can be shared across the project management and team members to monitor its progress and get feedback on factors that could adversely impact progress or slow it down. The interdependency of resources in the project is very essential ingredient that necessitates efficient allocation of the resources that must be monitored constantly for timely delivery of goals. Indeed, lack of efficiency in any resources could delay the project, leading not only financial loss but also have adverse impact on the market credibility of the firm. The regular evaluation of resources also helps to apply contingencies and helps to reschedule tasks so that the project is finished on time. Most importantly, resourceful team work is key factor because the team members share various tasks allotted within schedules that need to be completed timely. Strong team work helps to complement each other’s work and enhances performance of the individuals and team for improved productivity. Thus, team members must promote cross cultural understanding and inculcate mutual respect so that conflicts could be resolved early and progress of the tasks is not impeded. (words:

Geotechnical Properties & Construction Methods Coursework

Geotechnical Properties & Construction Methods - Coursework Example At this stage, Engineer will be collecting data from Geological survey, topographic maps, photogeology (aerial) , digital data, borehole records, national survey, mining records in order to understand the geology, compressive soils, drift thickness, landslides, soluble rocks, made ground, etc.†¦ The main importance of the desk study is to understand the geological condition of the site in order to analyse its implication during any stage of the planned engineering activity. This means that for a difficult ground condition, either the foundation design has to be adequate or a reduction of the actual superstructure loads has to be considered. In the given site, the points below can be listed as evidence of desk study as an element of site investigation: Borehole data: the presence of made ground and building debris with patches of old oil spillages; this has been found at a thickness of 1m above the ground level. Soft silt up to a depth of 10m then compacted sand and gravel at 18m . This is the exact composition of the soil beneath and will allow for adequate selection of foundation design. Knowing that up to a depth of1m below the ground level, the soil has almost no strength. This layer will have no importance in the overall bearing capacity of the soil. The Borehole data will enable Engineers to be aware of possible soil contamination of the top soil, weak soil up to a depth of 10m and that strong strata can be seen only after 18m below the ground level. One can argue that Strip foundation; defined as shallow foundation (Maheshwari, 2009) will never be ideal for this type of soil. Topographic map. For the considered site, a topographic map has been obtained. This gives the large-scale detail as well as the relief of the site. It consists of measuring the ground level with respect to a benchmark (Mellow, 2010). On map has shown latitude, which is the level of a given point on site with respect to the ground level. For the fact that two points of the same si te are not always at the same level with respect to the sea level, while a building requires a level terrain, topographic map will be important to give the ground profile, and enable engineers to quantity earthwork; this is the volume of cutting and filling in order to level the site before construction begins. Ground water table: as an element of the site investigation, the desk study will give enable to locate the ground water. For the proposed site, this is 1.5m below the ground level. McLean and Rible (1985) explained that the water table is a very important factor influencing the overall strength of the soil. In an undrained condition, where the water pressure has been taken into account, the total strength of the soil is much higher than the drained condition, without water; keeping in mind that the latter will give the actual strength parameters of the soil. Overestimating the strength of the soil can lead to structural failure as the foundation will not be under-designed the refore will not be able to support the imposed load from the superstructure. Also, as the required construction has taken into account a basement, deep excavation will be required. Knowing the ground water level, will be very important for the fact that, if it is above the required depth of excavation, flooding will occur and the exaction, representing the working environment will be against the health and safety. It can be seen that the desk study wi

Fashion and Celebrities in time of Modernism Essay

Fashion and Celebrities in time of Modernism - Essay Example The essay "Fashion and Celebrities in time of Modernism" talks about Fashion and Celebrities in the Modernism era. Paul Poiret and Madeleine Vionnet share the tribute for liberating women from their corsets. Swan bill, S-bend, or â€Å"health corset† was designed to ease pressure on the diaphragm and stomach and take the shape of the natural figure of the body of a female. Gibson, an American graphic artist designed the â€Å"Gibson Girl† hair style that was an ideal description of the gorgeous, autonomous American woman at the twist of the 20th century. A little boy kneeling down visualizes Gibson Girls magnifying him under a pair of lens, like an insect. Mariano Fortuny designed a Delphos Gown which was a finely pleated silk dress. Modernism at the same time has to do with futuristic, which is always connected with streamline and simplicity. One of the famous artist in the modernism faction was Pablo Picasso‘s cubism and futuristic. This is best demonstrated by the revolutionary fore-front leader in fashion, Paul Poiret with his illustrious lampshade dress in the year 1992 that depicted the best impression of modernism in fashion with simple lines and vivid color. Geometric patterns are among the common elements that can be seen in modernism. The space-age modern giant Pierre Cardin, in his design that combined esthetic strong lines and geometric shapes that were simple and remarkable, best illustrates these modern patterns. His style was simple, straight forward and emphasized some minimalism of ornament.

Scottish society since 1914 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Scottish society since 1914 - Essay Example In these Wars, Scotland actually is a country engaged in a debate to determine if the aforementioned event is necessary. Scotland actively participated in every event that would somehow determine the fate of the eventual European colonizers. Moreover, The pre-war debates and development of policy had left much about the nature and form of welfare to be decided (Levitt, 1988, p.104). However, one cannot deny the fact that Scotland on that time was oppressed by other English nations- the state experienced unfair competitions on trade as they experienced low salary compared to their counterparts and the goods and services that were provided by this country was paid at a lower price. Being engaged in such activities, the economic side of Scotland was set aside while they are focusing much on the tactics rather than the welfare of the people. In this case, people of different classes aiming for social change "indirectly" ruled Scotland. Ofcourse, mixture of different classes would eventually give birth into an ideology and belief of "oneness" that would later be their uniting force in the next few years. Who would have known that such occurrences would turn this nation into one of Europe's largest financial centers. During the time interwar, the Scottish while experien... Let's take a closer look at the depression it suffered during the inter-war era. During that time, the Scottish people have only a few options on their employment. The armed force is perhaps the only thing that provides employment during that time. During these wars, while other European country were busy expanding their territories and scope, Scottish people has other things in mind- to develop a sense of oneness and to meet the challenges of the future Scotland. "In a relatively short space of time, the Scottish working class went from being one of the most highly organised working classes in the history of industrial capitalism, to a fragmented one as yet barely able to defend its economic and political interests" (Knox, 1995). Dealing with the present-day society of Scotland would further draw each one who wishes to have this study in their interwar experience. Their niche, in the business world has led them into a distinction, which other countries in the United Kingdom failed to do such a feat. The 1980s saw an economic boom in the Silicon Glen corridor between Glasgow and Edinburgh, with many large technology firms relocating to Scotland. The discovery of North Sea oil in the 1970s also helped to transform the Scottish economy (wikepedia 2006). Perhaps, this is an indicator that the said state is in demand of providing services that are vital to the growth ouf European countries. Scottish were pressumed as "enemies" of most of the English people during the early years of the war and even before the war. However, they made a remarkable move by excelling on intelligence in the armed forces, Industry and economics which paved the way for

Research Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Research - Assignment Example bad credit history, the rate charged may be higher. It is however, mostly based upon how a company view and rate its customer and subsequently decide what rate to be offered to a customer. Even the interest rates charged on different cards issued by same company differ from each other depending upon the way a customer is rated by the company. Companies attract customers in different manner and according to their target market. Once the target market is identified, there are different means through which companies can attract their target market. One important method for attracting the customers is the rate of interest charged on the credit cards- i.e. if company’s target market is to secure prime customers, they will offer cards at lower rates to attract their desired customers. Further, balance transfer facilities at lower rates are also an important way through which companies attract their customers. When a person applies for any type of loan facility including credit cards and personal loans, financial institutions obtain a copy of credit report of the customer. A credit report is basically just a report which mentions all the obligations of a customer that he or she has to pay off to the financial and other institutions from where borrowing has been made. It not only provides the credit history of the borrower but also give a true picture of the total monthly debt obligations, total debts to be paid by the borrower and any defaults made in the past. (AIE, 2010) In a sense, credit report is the most essential document which determines whether a person can obtain the credit or not. This is so because companies, based on the credit report, not only determine how much loan to be given but also get a clear insight into the probability that whether the customer will pay off the debt or not. Most financial institutions do not extend loans to customers with poor

Discussion Question for Niccolo Machiavelli's The Prince Essay

Discussion Question for Niccolo Machiavelli's The Prince - Essay Example He himself was made subject to this, when he lost his position in 1512 in the hands of the Medici Family. All these real life experiences led Machiavelli to write â€Å"The Prince† which at first was criticized for being cruel, but later, it was appreciated for all the theories and guidelines of warfare and politics. He easily finished the old norms of ruling the people and brought about a completely new way to run an empire, city or state. In the beginning of the book, Machiavelli very cleverly identifies his readers with the terms and policies that he will be using further in the book. The initial chapters are simple and they give the reader an easy introduction into the world of Machiavelli: one that exists on the hard work and effort of the ruler himself and has nothing to do with Divine Interference or whatsoever. Niccolo’s ideas become very clear initially when he clearly explains the idea of maintaining a new principality is better than governing a hereditary sta te. He argues that inheriting power and position means that one has to keep up with people’s expectations to make their life better. However, it is much easier to govern an entirely new principality where people care less if their lives are not fidgeted with. His brutal and cruel nature is depicted through the idea of killing the former Prince’s family to keep control. ... And if his successors had been united they would have enjoyed it securely and at their ease, for there were no tumults raised in the kingdom except those they provoked themselves.† Cold hearted and cold blooded, Niccolo believed that the power stays with you only if you are ready to go to any extents possible. As the book proceeds, the typical Machiavellian thoughts shine. As the adjective suggests, his name is used as a synonym for treachery, cruelty and oppression. Hence, the book starts on with why and how a prince should really act and rule. To put it in simple words, the people of the state do not matter to Niccolo at all. For him it only matters that the Prince, the ruler has faith in him and then there is nothing else that will keep him out of power. â€Å"But to come to those who, by their own ability and not through fortune, have risen to be princes, I say that Moses, Cyrus, Romulus, Theseus, and such like are the most excellent examples†. Contradictory to Ancie nt theory, that rulers were sent with Divine help and that they have to be obeyed at any cost, Niccolo was with the view, that a person, himself is responsible for his throne and no one else, even not the people. Though he does not put aside the idea of a common man’s support, it is just an element or a step to the throne rather than the route itself. He is very clear about his ideology that rulers rule because they believe in their strength and they work hard for it. And working hard, for him meant oppression, brutality and cruelty. Machiavelli moves on to present an argument that ignores the question of right and wrong. He acknowledges the use of crime and cruelty in establishing power, and stresses on extreme cruelty if need rises. However, he suggests limiting the time period of cruelty so

How does a free market prevent a monopoly Essay Example for Free

How does a free market prevent a monopoly Essay We often listen to this statement that there are no monopolies in a free market or a free market prevents monopolies. Though there are some arguments about if the statement is completely true and, if a government plays a part in making or preventing a monopoly. To understand and to validate the statement first we need to understand few terms used in the statement and concepts of market. Types of market economies There are majorly four types of market economies namely: * Free-Market Economy (or Liberal Market Economy). An economic system comprised mainly of privately-owned enterprise (businesses), low levels of regulation and relies heavily on the free-price system to allocate resources. This is distinguished with a planned economy based on private enterprise. * Social Market Economy A free-market system that utilizes heavy taxation and regulation and recognizes organized labour at the national level, but relies on the free-price system rather than economic planning to allocate goods and services. * Market Socialism and Socialist Market Economies An economic system comprised of state-run or worker-run enterprises and either a free-price system or a directed and regulated market to allocate resources. This is distinguished with a socialist planned economy. * Mutualism and Cooperative Markets A form of participatory economics where enterprises are run as worker and consumer cooperatives (socially-owned) which compete with each other in a market economy. This is distinguished from participatory and cooperative planning. To describe free market economy in a nutshell, it is the kind of economy in which the system of prices is a result of a vast number of voluntary transactions, rather than of political decrees as in a controlled market. The freer the market, the more prices will reflect consumer habits and demands, and the more valuable the information in these prices is to all players in the economy. Through free competition between vendors for the provision of products and services, prices tend to decrease, and quality tends to increase. Types of Competition There are namely four major kinds of competition * Perfect Competition * Monopolistic Competition * Oligopoly * Monopoly Monopoly exists when a single seller controls the supply of a good or service and prevents other businesses from entering the field. Being the only provider of a certain good or service gives the seller considerable control over price. Monopolies are prohibited by law however; government-regulated monopolies do exist in some business areas because of the huge up-front investment that must be made in order to provide some types of services. Examples of monopolies in the India are public utility companies that provide services and/or products such as gas, water, electricity and railways. To talk about monopoly in detail while single-firm monopolies are rare, except for those subject to public regulation, it is useful to examine the monopolist’s market conduct and performance to establish a standard at the pole opposite that of perfect competition. As the sole supplier of a distinctive product, the monopolistic company can set any selling price, provided it accepts the sales that correspond to that price. Market demand is generally inversely related to price, and the monopolist presumably will set a price that produces the greatest profits, given the relationship of production costs to output. By restricting output, the firm can raise its selling price significantly. The monopolist will generally charge prices well in excess of production costs and reap profits well above a normal interest return on investment. His output will be substantially smaller, and his price higher, than if he had to meet established market prices as in perfect competition. The monopolist may or may not produce at minimal average cost, depending on his cost-output relationship; if he does not, there are no market pressures to force him to do so. If the monopolist is subject to no threat of entry by a competitor, he will presumably set a selling price that maximizes profits for the industry he monopolizes. If he faces only impeded entry, he may elect to charge a price sufficiently low to discourage entry but above a competitive price—if this will maximize his long-run profits. Though monopoly has its advantages like in some industries it is the most cost-effective way of providing services, example is public utilities, as it would obviously be inefficient to have 2 or more competing sewer or power distribution systems in a city, monopoly has many disadvantages like Poor level of service as there is no fear of competition, No consumer sovereignty. Consumers may be charged high prices for low quality of goods and services. Lack of competition may also lead to low quality and out dated goods and services hence making it necessary to check a market from becoming monopolist to safeguard the interests of consumers. Now coming back to the question ‘how does a free market prevent a monopoly? ’ In a free market, competition drives away bad ideas. What stops monopolies? Small companies being allowed to set up and compete, without loads of regulations and fees making it impossible for them to afford to keep costs down. The free market prevents people from cornering the market, because there is always someone else that is capable and willing to make the same product for the same or lesser price. Eventually, if that keeps going, everything will be free in the free market, or rather, people will start trading for goods and services again, like they used to. Of course, along this path to free produce, you have the interruption of the Laws of Supply and Demand, where you eventually have too much product for the demand, and can no longer make a profit because of your losses. Price Wars eventually even themselves out, because at a certain price, everyone will be able to buy your product, and then no one else will need it anymore. When you have a high demand for a product, the price is naturally high. This obviously attracts investors and manufacturers to that field in order to make as much profit as possible. As more competitors enter that field of production, the prices for the product fall accordingly, until the supply meets the demand, and prices regulate based on 1. The cost to produce, and 2. The fact that everyone already has one and likely doesnt need another right now. For e. g. in the early days of the automotive market, Ford used to say You can have the Model-T in any colour you want, as long as its black. Then Chevrolet came in with more colour choices, and to compete, Ford had to change its policy or they would have fallen off the face of the Earth. Though there is an argument that exists, which says government sometimes does enable formation of a monopoly for example corporate trusts. Government supports an entity to a level that it becomes very big and later, in order to keep a check on the entity from preventing it to become a monopoly, government lays down set of rules and regulations which make it practically impossible for new budding competitors to grow up to the level of first organisation and compete efficiently, resulting in formation of a monopoly. But in the end, No matter how successful a company is, it is never immune from competition. It always faces at least potential competition, as well as actual competition from companies that offer substitutes. References: http://wiki. answers. com http://www. britannica. com http://answers. yahoo. com http://www. physicsforums. com.

Value of Reading Stories for Children

Value of Reading Stories for Children â€Å"Reading is much more than the decoding of black marks upon a page; it is a quest for meaning and one which requires the reader to be an active participant.† (Cox, 1991:133) Most children love to hear stories. There is a gradual process by which children see that there is a definite relationship between the telling of a story and the written word. Eventually the child will start to behave like a reader from the amount of stories that they have listened to over the years as they will know that there is a sequence to a story, know that illustrations contain essential information about the story and will most importantly enjoy and read a range of picture and story books as they get older. If there is a positive attitude to books from a parent or teacher then the child will develop the same attitude and will then find reading an easy progression of literacy skills. Reading stories can not only help a child with their language and literacy skills they can also be used in other curriculum subjects such as they can be used in for example; art and design by getting the children to design pictures based on what they have read in the story, geography can be used if the story is about different countries as the teacher can then base her lessons on teaching the children about those countries which can also be linked to history as the children could be taught about the historical aspect of those countries or of the world in general. This is all linked to curriculum documents such as the Early Years Foundation Stage 0-5, National Curriculum 5-11 and the Primary National Strategy. In the EYFS it states children aged 40-60 months should â€Å"enjoy an increasing range of books, show an understanding of the elements of stories such as main character, sequence of events and openings, and how information can be found in non-fiction texts to answer questions about where, who, why and how.† (DfES, 2007, The Early Years Foundation Stage Curriculum Guidance, London, DfES). This shows how important stories are for children especially at this early stage in their education for their language development, writing skills and imagination. Emotional Benefits Stories may have emotional benefits within the text which gives the children enjoyment, develops their feelings and imagination and they include themes and issues that relate closely to the children. Having relevant issues within the story it can sometimes resolve certain problems which the children might have. For example The Littlest Dinosaur by Michael Foreman confronts making friends and that being different is a good thing and we may not be good at everything but that does not make us useless like the Littlest Dinosaur felt as there will always be something we do well at. Children will relate to this and from this the teacher can then introduce a discussion on their feelings of the book and what they feel are their strengths, which gets them to open up. â€Å"It is easy to assume that the characters we meet in books are a reflection of people in real life; they give the illusion of being so. A reader might identify with a character they recognise as being ‘just like me.† (Gamble N Yates S, 2008, Exploring Childrens Literature, London, Sage.) In Alfie Gives a Hand by Shirley Hughes, children will most likely relate to Alfie in that he was nervous going to a birthday party and took with him a security blanket which most children will have at some time during their childhood and find it hard to be apart from. Therefore this story shows children that its okay to be nervous and having a security toy is alright but there may come a time that you need to put it down but you can still have fun without it providing an emotional benefit. â€Å"For young children realistic fiction tends to be about everyday experience. The conflicts in these stories are often concerned with developing independence or growing up.† (Gamble Yates, 2008: 131) â€Å"Illustrations in childrens books are extremely important as they reinforce the text and provide important clues to enable understanding.† (Snaith M, 2007, Childrens Care Learning and Development, London, Heinemann). The illustrations in both the books I have chosen help to reinforce the story by helping to describe what the characters and settings surrounding them are like. The illustrations inside a picture book such as the two I have chosen help to build upon the childs imagination. The text within the book can help with this too to some extent depending on particular children so by providing the children with pictures it helps those who struggle to imagine the story without, therefore benefiting them. â€Å"Picture books are not simply privileged reading for or with children. They make reading for all a distinctive kind of imaginative looking.† (Meek M, 1991) Teachers can also use these story books to bring up issues/themes within the classroom which the children might not have experienced to give them an insight into it and answer any questions which the children may have about the certain issue/theme resulting in the children receiving another emotional benefit from the story. Alfie Gives a Hand is written in un-intrusive third person narrative which gives the reader the opportunity to make their own opinions and judgement on the story without being told what to think. This is important in stories as an emotional benefit as the children are allowed to believe what they want and perhaps therefore confronting a relevant issue raised in the story in their own way. Cultural Benefits Stories can also contain cultural benefits which can extend childrens knowledge and understanding of the world by giving access to different cultures, such as in the story of Pocahontas we learn about two different cultures and even though they may live differently, they are both the same, which shows children that everyone is equal and everyone should be treated equally as this is important for children to acknowledge. â€Å"For the young reader an information story can be a bridge from existing experiences to new ones† (Gamble Yates, 2008: 48) and Margaret Mallet writes, ‘the security of a familiar narrative framework helps consolidate knowledge gained from experience while opening up new ideas and possibilities. (1999: 38) As the story of Pocahontas is based on a real life story it not only provides the children with enjoyment from what seems like a fairy tale love story it also provides them with knowledge what life was like in the time of Pocahontas and John Smith. However, it does supply the children with an image of fantasy with the fact that the tree talks to Pocahontas, which is an example of low fantasy as the majority of the story is linked to real life. For pupils new to the country, books with cultural benefits can help them learn about traditions and values of the culture they have moved into and pupils can learn about new traditions from the new pupil. An example of this is the story Topsy and Tim Meet New Friends. Topsy and Tim learn all about Jinder and her familys traditions, cultures and language which give children reading the book an insight to other peoples cultures. From these stories teachers can then relate their lesson plans on the different cultures and traditions such as cooking different foods, celebrating festivals from around the world. These books have some many opportunities to teach children about other peoples lives. â€Å"The use of narrative tests in schools for early readers has a long and honourable history. In many ways the chronological, time based ordering of events centring around characters is perhaps quite close to how we all see life. Thus, narrative texts present few disjunctions and difficulties to those coming new to reading.† (Graham Kelly, 2008: 156) Topsy and Tim Meet New Friends relates to this statement as by providing a story close to reality means that children will acknowledge that although Topsy and Tim are not actually real people the people they represent are and the children may know people similar or might even be in the same situation as Topsy and Tim with new neighbours. â€Å"Realism in fiction means that everything in the story including characters, setting and plot could happen to real people living in our world. People act like people and animals behave like animals.†(Gamble and Yates, 2008: 130) By having illustrations in this story children are given an idea of what people from other cultures wear which makes it easier for younger children to understand rather than just having the text to explain. Illustrations also explain any misconceptions children have about people from other cultures, if they can see them in a book they realise what they first thought was most probably inaccurate. Language Benefits Stories also contain language benefits which develops childrens understanding of new vocabulary, they get to experience story language for example ‘Once upon a time, experience narrative structure, and experience figurative language e.g. metaphor, onomatopoeia. â€Å"Fairy tales were originally intended for adults and children. They were passed down orally to amuse and to convey cultural information that influences behaviour, such as where it is safe to travel and where it is dangerous to go. Fairy tales are found in most cultures and many derive from the oldest stories ever told. Some modern fairy tales could be included in the more recently categorised genre of ‘fantasy.† (DCSF, No Date) Beauty and the Beast is an example of a fairy tale which helps children to develop their story language and as Bettelheim suggests â€Å"fairy story is important because existential anxieties are taken seriously and children are offered solutions that they can understand ‘and they lived happily ever after does not fool the child into thinking eternal life is possible but helps to make reality more acceptable.†(1988: 10) After reading a fairy tale to children the teacher can base the learning on the structure of a fairy tale and what needs to be included. This can then lead onto the children writing their own fairy tale which enables the children to put into practice what they have learnt about this genre of story which therefore benefits their language development. The Continuum Encyclopaedia of Childrens Literature defines fantasy as ‘a special case of fiction that breaks down one or more of the rules that govern â€Å"real† life as we ordinarily define it and so invents an altered reality that must be true to rules of its own. (Bernice et al, 2003, cited in Gamble Yates, 2008: 117) Beauty and the Beast is an example of a fantasy story as it provides the reader with a chance to escape from reality and use their imagination to explore a new world. In fantasy the narrative structure is normally either the quest or voyage/return structure. Beauty and the Beast is an example of voyage/return as Belle and her father stumble unexpectedly into an unfamiliar surrounding but it is also relates to the quest structure as in the end it is quest for love and breaking of a spell. This provides children with an engaging storyline and exciting turn of events which they did not necessarily expect. This story is also an example of high fantasy in that â€Å"the alternative world is entered through a portal in the primary world. This type of fantasy enables the writer to make a direct comparison between the two worlds.† (Gamble and Yates, 2008: 122) This is because although everything seems realistic before Belle enters the Beasts castle as soon as she enters she is transported into a magical realm. This not only gives the writer the opportunity to compare the two worlds it also gives the readers i.e. the children a chance to make their own comparisons, which could be used to enhance and improve their descriptive writing of each of the worlds and how they differ. â€Å"Most writers are very careful with the language of their books, especially in picture books, where each word counts and is going to be read by teacher, parent or child scores of times. However you must also ensure that you have included books that offer rich images, simile, metaphor, personification and alliteration.† (Graham J Kelly A, 2008: 94) Each Peach Pear Plum is a good example of this as it provides children with rhyme which makes the read easier for children who are not as confident and therefore the children are then able to gain confidence in reading from this genre of book. â€Å"The fact that rhyming texts strengthen appreciation of onset and rime, so important to literacy development, makes them of central importance for the struggling reader.† (Graham Kelly, 2008: 156) Conclusion â€Å"If children are to develop their knowledge and skills in reading and studying literature, they need to have access to a wide range of texts.† (Gamble and Yates, 2008: 177) From learning about the value of stories for children it has enabled to grasp the importance of reading to children and the many benefits certain books have and how they benefit children in different ways not every child will respond to a book in the same way as they all have their views and opinions. It is therefore essential to use all different type of genres in our teaching as different genres help children in different areas of their learning and not one type is more important than another. By providing a range of story books in our classrooms and in our planning it provides a child with more than just language and literacy development as I said at the beginning books can be used in a range of other subjects to develop the childrens learning in these areas to provide the children with a holistic approach to their learning. By reading a wide range of texts to children and getting them to read them for themselves allows the children to experience a variety of ways books are written and stories are told. This then hopefully gets them to enjoy reading for pleasure by having at least one or two favourite genres but do not mind reading other at the same time. If children tend to read the same types of books all the time it can prevent them when it comes to writing stories as they only know of one sort which is why as teachers our aim is to encourage children to read as by providing a positive attitude to reading then the outcomes will be somewhat more effective. References and Bibliography Cox, B. (1991), Cox on Cox, An English Curriculum for the 1990s, London: Hodder and Stoughton DCSF, The National Strategies on Fairy Tales, Available at: www.nationalstrategies.standards.dcsf.gov.uk/node/102721?uc=force_uj (accessed: 24/11/09) DfES, (2007) The Early Years Foundation Stage, Nottingham: DfES DfES, (2000) National Curriculum for English, London: DfES Gamble N Yates S, (2008), Exploring Childrens Literature, London: Sage Graham J Kelly A, (2008), Reading under control, London: Routledge Mallet M, 1999, Young Researchers, London: Routledge Falmer Snaith M, (2007), Childrens Care Learning and Development, London: Heinemann Childrens Books Adamson, J. and Adamson, G. (1990) Topsy and Tim Meet New Friends, London: Blackie Childrens Books Ahlberg, A. And Ahlberg, J. (1978) Each Peach Pear Plum, London: Kestrel/Viking Disney W (2003), Beauty and the Beast, London: Ladybird Books Ltd Disney W, (1995) Pocahontas, London: Ladybird Books Ltd Foreman M, (2009), The Littlest Dinosaur, London: Bloomsbury Publishing PLC Hughes S, (1996) Alfie Gives a Hand, London: Ted Smart

Impacts of the Protected Disclosures Act 2000 on Nurses

Impacts of the Protected Disclosures Act 2000 on Nurses This essay will explore the Protected Disclosures Act, 2000, specifically how it impacts nurses. Aligning the Act with the Code of Conduct will show its importance to nursing overall. The Act will be explained in terms of general content, and purpose including a brief background to serve as a rationale. The essay will touch on moral context, the role of the Ombudsmen, explore how the Act became legislation drawing on Neil Pugmires story to illustrate, and finally provide an example of the utility of the Act in an everyday scenario. Originally the essay had planned to explore a contrast of past versus future uses of the Act, however, recent research has been difficult to find in a New Zealand health context, possibly due to the privacy constraints and protections utilised within the Act. The Code of Conduct has been provided by the Nursing Council of New Zealand to create a framework for nurses to work within, while ensuring health professionals are held accountable to a certain standard of care. Medical professional accountability is important in maintaining standards and fostering trust in the profession; to be accountable is to be responsible (Wallis, 2013). Key principles of the Code of Conduct include respecting privacy and confidentiality, working in partnership with patients, working respectfully with colleagues to ensure patients receive the best possible care, acting with integrity to justify the trust given to nurses, and to maintain public trust and confidence in the nursing profession (Nursing Council of New Zealand, 2012). The Protected Disclosures Act, 2000, provides a safety net, a forum and set of processes for circumstances when nurses or practitioners whom we may work alongside, act outside the guidelines of the Code of Conduct, and where these acts result in malpractice or serious wrongdoing. The Protected Disclosures Act protects people who under the act are considered an ‘employee’ of the organisation. ‘Employee’ includes former employees, homeworkers, contractors, volunteers and people seconded to the organisation (Protected Disclosures Act, 2000). One of our roles as nurses is to act as advocates for our patients to ensure they receive the best possible care, are treated in a manner that upholds their rights, and ensure they receive the necessary care in a timely manner (Fry Johnstone, 2008). The Protected Disclosures Act, 2000, provides security, protection and appropriate support to an employee who needs to make a complaint of serious wrong-doing against their employer (Office of the Ombudsmen, 2014). The Protected Disclosures Act facilitates the disclosure and investigation of matters of serious wrong-doing in, or by an organisation, and protects employees who make these disclosures s5(ab). Employees have the right to have their confidentiality upheld during the process and are protected from employers who may try to counter-claim or take legal proceedings against the employee who has lodged a disclosure s19. The act aims to focus on serious wrong-doings (outlined in the interpretation section s3), including misuse of funds, acts or omissions which cause a risk to public health, public safety or the environment, any action that is unlawful, or acts which may be construed as being oppressive, discriminatory, and grossly negligent or constitute gross mismanagement (Protected Disclosures Act, 2000). Between 1999 and 2009 studies conducted in the US, UK and Australia found that between 4% and 16% of patients suffer from some kind of harm (including permanent disability or death) as a result of adverse events occurring while they are in the hospital (Brennan et al 1991; Department of Health 2000; Kohn et al 2000; Johnstone, 2009). Between 2004 and 2014 the New Zealand Health Practitioners Disciplinary Tribunals (2015) received charges against 344 health professionals most of whom were convicted of professional malpractice. While many organisations have policies and systems to prevent and detect serious wrongdoing, the people who work within an organisation may sometimes be in the best position to detect problems. Employee witnesses can provide a start to a serious investigation (State Services Commission, 2014). In a nursing setting, where there are high pressures on staff, accidents can happen and are usually dealt with promptly. The Protected Disclosures Act can be used in matters which are sensitive in nature and result in serious malpractice. While advocacy for patients, in nurses, is a part of their duties, in many cases when the need arises for advocacy, it can be difficult for the nurse to act. Rest (1984) discusses a process called moral reasoning which is applicable here. Moral sensitivity speaks to our awareness of how our actions affect others. Moral judgement relates to weighing our actions against that sensitivity. Moral motivation explains how we weigh some values more than others, while moral character is what provides the strength for an individual to carry out a moral action. When a person commits a serious wrongdoing, they are making a decision (moral motivation) that puts their values for time or money, for example, higher than their need for patients rights. If a nurse se es these acts and advocates for the patient under the Protected Disclosures Act, this too is moral motivation, with different values. It is for this purpose that the Protected Disclosures Act is aligned closely with the Ombudsmen Act, 1975, the Human Rights Act, 1993 and the Employment Relations Act, 2000. Under the Ombudsmen Act (1975), an ombudsmen may provide information and guidance to an employee on any matters concerning a protected disclosure; advise on what kinds of disclosures are covered as well as how and who to make a disclosure too, and ensure that no civil, criminal or disciplinary proceedings can be taken against a person for making a protected disclosure, or for referring one to the appropriate authority. It is unlawful under the Human Rights Act, 1993 to treat people who have made a complaint less favourably than other staff, in any way. The Act also states that an employee who suffers from retaliatory action from their employer after making a protected disclosure can file a personal grievance claim under the Employment Relations Act, 2000. This means if a person who makes a disclosure is dismissed (due to their disclosure), or suffers from victimisation or unfair treatment in the workplace, they are eligible to make a personal grievance complaint (Protected Disclosures Act, 2000; Office of the Ombudsmen, 2014; Ombudsmen Act, 1975; Human Rights Act, 1993; Employment Relations Act, 2000). Nurses and employees in general are encouraged to follow a chain of command when things go wrong, but that is not always the most effective course of action. A highly publicized example of this occurred in 1993, when Neil Pugmire, a registered psychiatric nurse, wrote in confidence to the then Minister of Health to outline concerns he had in regard to the Mental Health (Compulsory Assessment and Treatment) Act 1992. In his opinion it failed to provide compulsory detainment of patients who were deemed ‘very dangerous’. To support his claims Pugmire named a patient who was deemed at high risk of re-offending serious sexual crimes against young boys. The Minister responded that ‘mental health legislation should not be used to justify the detention of difficult or dangerous patients’ (Liddell, 1994, p. 14; Johnstone, 2009, p. 366). Pugmire, unhappy with this response, sent a copy of his letter to the then Leader of the Opposition, Mr Goff. Unknown to Mr Pugmire, Mr Goff released the letter publicly, with the patients name deleted. However the patients name was later leaked by other sources, effectively breaching the patient’s confidentiality. Mr Pugmire was suspended for ‘serious misconduct’ involving the unauthorised disclosure of confidential patient information’ (Liddell, 1994; Johnston, 2009). Mr Goff then presented the Whistleblower’s Protection Bill, in Parliament in June 1994. He is quoted as saying, â€Å"The reason for the Bill is that experience has shown quite clearly, that when a person tells the truth and speaks out in the public interest, but is without the protection of relevant legislation, the public tends to benefit from that action, but the victim invariably is the person who blows the whistle. Neil Pugmire †¦ is a man who felt the need, on moral and on professional grounds, to speak out to warn the community about the risk that he saw†¦ Ironically, the response from his employers when he spoke out was not to look at the substance of his concern, nor to listen to the message, but to shoot the messenger† (Goff, 1994). Neil Pugmire’s employer suspended him. Mr. Goff was successful and the bill was passed, initially as the Whistleblower’s Protection Bill, and later becoming the Protected Disclosures Act, 2000 (Goff, 1994). An example of how the Protected Disclosures Act works today, can be seen in an individual’s right to privacy. Everyone has the right to privacy and any violation of this where a person’s information had been made public would, under the Act, constitute a civil wrong. In a healthcare setting people’s information is protected by the Personal Information section of the Health Act, 1956 and has been developed from the Privacy Act, 1993 (Burgess, 2008; Health Act, 1956; Privacy Act, 1993). The Protected Disclosures Act serves as a foundation for proceeding against the organisation or person who disclosed personal information in a public forum and would protect the person who was making the complaint. In conclusion, this essay has outlined how valuable the Protected Disclosures Act, 2000, is. It ensures protection of employees in circumstances where serious wrong-doing results from breaches in the Code of Conduct or other malpractices. Statistics reflect the need for the Act and also the need for nurses to advocate and draw upon moral character. The Act has various ways to protect complainants and has been designed to be used in an accessible way, particularly involving the Ombudsmen. Neil Pugmire has been a prominent figure in ensuring that New Zealanders and health professionals alike have avenues to pursue when health practitioners need to be held accountable. The Act has particular relevance today, especially in cases involving the protection of a patient’s privacy.

The Luddite Revolt :: European Europe History

The Luddite Revolt England at the Turn of the Century At the beginning of the 1800's England was still largely an agricultural country. Frank Ongley Durvall in his text, Popular Disturbances and Public Order in Regency England, states that "over half the population [was] living in the country"(12). In London there were over one million dwellers. Nevertheless, this city's population comprised only one-tenth of the entire population of England. Aside from London, most cities and towns contained only several thousand people, where the average household size was between five to six persons. The transportation of products and people around the nation was limited in part by the fact that the English population was still predominantly dispersed throughout the countryside and that most goods were still being made locally. However another factor that limited transportation was its relative lack of modernization. At the turn of the century England had yet to establish a railroad system. The primary means of shipping goods was either by boat using canals or by horse-drawn cart on roadways. Meanwhile, travelers depended upon either their feet or horse-drawn carriage to get them where ever they wished. As I briefly mentioned above during this period most industry was located in the country, with the majority of work taking place in the home work-shops of craftsmen. Any manufacturing plants that did exist at that time were water powered. These factories were usually small and only employed a handful of workers. The major industries at the beginning of the 1800's were textiles, hosiery, lace, iron mining and manufacture, ship building, and coal mining. Yet, agriculture was still the number one business, with some 35 percent, or more, of the populace of the island working in it(14). In many villages craftsmen would not only work making goods but would also cultivate small private lots. From these household plots they would harvest crops for their family's consumption and for trade. If these craftsmen did not own their own plot they would join others in tending to a communal field from which all members of the community could partake of the harvest. Because of this agriculturally powered economy most businesses remained predominantly local. Business owners were usually residents of the town where their businesses were located, so that they had a material interest in the prosperity and success of the town. This localization of business, along with industry, allowed for a harmonious connection to develop between the owners and their workers.

The Yellow Wallpaper and The Cask Of Amontillado -- Yellow Wallpaper C

The Yellow Wallpaper and The Cask Of Amontillado  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚      The short story, " The Yellow Wallpaper", written by Charlotte Gilman, and "The Cask of Amontillado" written by Edgar Allan Poe, are stories in which the plots are very different, but share similar qualities with the elements in the story. "The Cask of Amontillado" is a powerful tale of revenge, in which the narrator of the tale pledges revenge upon Fortunato for an insult. "The Yellow Wallpaper" is a story about a woman, her psychological difficulties and her husband's therapeutic treatment of her illness. She struggles over her illness, and battle's her controlling husband. The settings in both stories are very important, they influence the characters, and help with the development of the plot.   In "The Yellow Wallpaper" the setting helps define the action as well as to explain characters behaviors. The setting is which the story takes place is in the narrators room, where she is severally ill, and she is "locked up" in the room which served as her cage. The room in which the narrator is caged in is a nursery, "it is a big, airy room, the whole floor nearly, with windows that look all ways. The paint and paper look as if a boys' school had used it." The narrator describes the color of the walls as repellent, almost revolting, it is an unclear yellow with a dull orange. The condition that the narrator is in, the repulsiveness of the room, and the room haunting her, drives her into insanity.   "The Cask of Amontillado" takes place in an appropriate setting, not only is the setting underground, but also in the blackness of the night. The story begins around dusk, one evening during the carnival season in a European city. The location quickly change... ...he wall, he thinks about his rejected opportunities and his unbearable regret. As he sobers with terror, the final blow will come from the realization that his life is ending in his catacombs dying with his finest wine. The catacombs, in which he dies, set the theme, and relate well with the story. Without the yellow wallpaper in the short story, the significance of the wallpaper would not mater, nor would it set the theme or plot. At night the wallpaper becomes bars, and the wallpaper lets her see herself as a women and her desire to free herself. She needs to free herself from the difficulties of her husband, and from her sickness. The settings in both, set up the elements of the stories and ads to the effect in both of the short stories.   Bibliography Branson, Leigh W. Edgar Allen Poe's Literary Neighborhood, 17 Mar. 1997 *htt://www.geocities.com/Athens

Three Fundamental Elements Of An Effective Access Control Solution

What are the three fundamental elements of an effective access control solution for information systems?Identification, Authentication, and Authorization2. What two access controls can be setup for a Windows Server 2003 folders and authentication?Authentication and Access control.3. lf you can browse a file on a Windows network share but are not able to copy it or modify it what type of access controls and permissions are probably configured? What type of Access Control would best describe this access control situation?List Folder Contents – Security Policy based control.4. What is the mechanism on a Windows Server where you can administer granular policies and permissions on a Windows network using role-based access?Group Policy Editor5. What is two-factor authentication and why is it an effective access control technique? Two Factor uses two of the three characteristics in Authentication types (Knowledge, Ownership, Characteristics) 6. Relate how Windows Server 2008 R2 Activ e Directory and the configuration of access controls achieve C-1-A for departmental LANs, departmental folders, and data. creates security principals in the Active Directory domain partition7. Is it a good practice to include the account or user name in the password? Why or why not? It is not a good idea to have a user name in the password, because it easy for people can try to hack or decode the password.8. Can a user who is defined in the Active Directory access a shared drive if that user is not part of the domain?Non domain machines cannot access shared folders.9. Does Windows Server 2003 require a user's login/password credentials prior  to accessing shared drives?Yes – Credentials are required.I 0. When granting access to LAN systems for GUESTS (i.e., auditors, consultants, third-party individuals, etc.), what security controls do you recommend be implemented in order to maximize CI- A of production systems and data?Establish a temporary limited account for access to only what is needed; and have them sign user and non-disclosure agreements.

Community teaching work plan proposal Essay

Lorenz et al. (2005) define end- of –life as a chronologically indefinite part of life when patients and their caregivers are struggling with the implications of an advance chronic illness. Every person’s end- of – life trajectory is different and the need for quality healthcare services, hospital or homecare interventions, family and patient legal rights, government policies and regulations pose some challenges to some patients at the end of their life. Therefore, the provision of good end- of- life care should be driven mainly by the concern to enhance life at end- of – life. The important issues for policy makers and healthcare services planners and providers are to find a lasting solution that required client’s autonomy in decision making, excellent healthcare management, love and family support throughout the end- of-life period. Moreover, the healthcare industries should understand that the altitude toward the process of dying is a reflection of the social values the society placed on how its members are supported and cared for at the end-of their lives by nurses, caregivers, social worker, and counselor’s and doctors. Furthermore, the reason majority of our elderly people die outside their own home are due to the nature of the illness and the varying stages and changing needs of the patients, which required certain hospital setting or services that most home caregivers or family members are not trained for or capable to handle. Even with the emergent of palliative care programs and hospice programs, the majority of elderly people do not die in their home because of their preference to seek better care outside the home in order prolong their lives. Although, family members, friends, partners and neighbors commonly assist with the care of older relatives, but when the patient become chronically ill or disable and not responding to treatment, the better option is to transfer the patient to the hospital or home care placement. Before making these decisions most families or caregivers factors in other problems such as patients lack of financial support, patient condition becoming burdensome to the care givers both financially and times spent in taking care of the patient. Furthermore, family members knowing that the patient is at the point of dying at any moment, the best option would be to place the patient in the hospital or homecare setting where the illness would be managed with special care and less painful services and with dignity before they die. As a nurse, I would consider first the well- being  of my patient, treat all my patients with compassion and respect, respect patient’s right and confidentiality, maintain accurate patient clinical records and refrain from denying treatment to patients. On the issue of deciding how I would help my clients at the end –of- life care stage, would be based on the guidelines of the official positions taken by the American Medical Association on end- of- life- actions. AMA’s Code of medical Ethics ( AMA,2012-2013) which provides health care physicians with a guidelines on how to deal with issues regarding end- of- life, likewise the nurses ANA;s Code of Ethics (2001) also have a guide line on what is expected from nurses when confronted with end of life issues. However, these actions should be based on clients wishes, such as Do- Not- Resuscitate Orders, Futile Care process, Quality of Life, Withholding or withdrawing life – sustaining medical treatment, Optimal Use of Order- not to intervene and Advance Directives in clients living will, health care treatment plan, health care power of attorney and do not resuscitate at home. Furthermore, we all know that some people are contented to leave decisions regarding their death in the hands of the others. By doing so, they expose themselves to the unnecessary treatments and restrictions. Family members are often forced to make decisions about life- support and treatment without knowing whether their loved one would have wanted these interventions. I would help the patient and the family plan and make the appropriate ethnical choices in accordance with the Hospice and palliative Nursing Association directives. Also, knowing the end – of –life often involves risks and ethical dilemmas such as in withdrawal of life- sustaining treatment like dialysis or feeding tube and the large need of doses of opioids, I would address the patients need based on ANA guidelines, which stated in the case of administering opioids on end-of- life patient, nurses must use effective doses of medications prescribed for symptom control and nurses have a moral obligation to advocate on behalf of the patient when prescribed medication is insufficiently managing pain and other distressing symptom. The Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) 2011 CQG series between elderly patients under the palliative care and family evaluation of Hospice care patients who have died, shows the extensive evidence and numerous interventions available for patients in palliative care, such as  applying many types of medications and other interventions to treat pain are supported by strong evidence of reductions in pain severity and helps to prolong patients life. On the other hand, patients who are in Hospice care before death has a lot of complaint from the family members and noted that 18.2 percent of the family members stated inattention to the needs of their love ones and support from hospital among hospices varies from 12.6% to 21.4%, and 9 percent of family members reported that their need for emotional support was not met. References AMA’S Code of Medical Ethics-American Medical Association. www.ama-assn.org/go/codeofmedicalethics. Code of Nurses Ethics for Nurses-American Nurses Association. www.nursingworld.org/codeofethics.

Critical Thinking – Lionking

SUMMARY The Lion King is an animated film by Walt Disney. The movies entail trust, character, suspense and betrayal. The story presents a story about lion’s race and their kingship story. It began with the story of a lion’s cub journey to adulthood and acceptance of his royal destiny. Simba begins life as a young cub with a promising future of becoming a king when he attains the stage of adulthood. He is the son of King Mufasa.Simba’s happy childhood took a tragic turn when his uncle, Scar strategically murdered the king and blames Simba as the curse of the King’s death and suggests that Simba ran away from Pride Rock in order for him (Scar) to be king. While in exile, the young lion befriends a pair of warthog and meerkat named Pumbaa and Timon respectively and the three combined lived a carefree jungle life. As Simba approaches adulthood, he coincidentally met his childhood friend Nala and the past began to unfold.He also had an encounter with Rafiki, th e monkey, from his past and later on was later visited by the spirit of his father urging Simba to take his place in the circle of life as the rightful king and the true heir to the throne of Pride Rock. Simba was finally persuaded of going back to Pride Rock and confront his uncle Scar for the throne. It was later learnt that Scar was the brain behind king Mufasa’s death and wanted to kill Simba also for the second time but Simba defeated him and reclaim Pride Rock and the hyenas were banished also.The Lion king, Embraced by most children and adults alike, the film spawned hit musics like â€Å"Can you feel the love tonight†, â€Å"The Circle of life†, also entails the likes of Elton John, Tim Rice and Hans Zimmer. In late 2002, the Lion king was re-released in the large screen IMAX format. VAGUENESS: In Critical Thinking, a sentence is considered vague when it is unclear what the messages or the ideas the speakers intend to convey. Vagueness can be caused by u nclear standards, confusion over the context, imprecise choice of words, and regional or cultural causes.In the movie The Lion King, here we have found a few examples of vagueness and our explanations. Vagueness 1:(09. 05) [pic] Yes, Simba’s response tells us that Mufasa is actually making a vague statement, because there is no further explanation afterwards on the statement that he has made. We totally have no idea the exact responsibilities to becoming a king, nor what it takes to be king. In this situation, the vagueness is evoked due to the confusion over the context. For instance, do someone need to be more ruthless? , Or more merciful? to become a king? We never know from what is stated by Mufasa. It at the same time causes ambiguousness here. Vagueness 2 (14. 25) Here comes a concise example for the vagueness analysis in the movie. Apparently, Simba’s and Nala’s reaction shows that they are confused by what Zazu is actually trying to imply. Zazu uses some choices of words that Simba and Nala have difficulty in understanding. These imprecise choices of words causes confusion for Simba and Nala, as they are oblivious to the meaning of the choice of words zazu employed.Both Simba and Nala does not understand Zazu’s use of deep and complicated language. And at last with this simple but easily-understandable sentence, Simba and Nala finally understood the message that Zazu wants to express. Vagueness 3: (03:15) Refer to the Circle of Life scene and Painting scene. In these two scenes, we can see Rafiki is doing the same action which is applying something, looks like juice and sand, on the forehead of Simba. Nothing really explains what Rafiki’s actions unless you have Christian experience that it’s a symbolization of a baptism-like ritual on Simba..As an audience without any Christianity knowledge, you would not have known that Rafiki’s action of putting the sand and coconut juice he collects on Simba’s brow as a ceremonial crown in fact has its hidden meaning. Here it exists that cultural or religious factor 8causes vagueness to a part of audience population. We might be wondering what is the meaning or the messages this scene intends to put across. Furthermore, can we substitute the juice or sand with some other materials? Or must it be specific using this particular material? This indicates the confusion over the context used in the scene.Vagueness 4 (08:52) In this context, a vague standard about Everything that Simba is going to possess in the future is used. Does it mean that as long as there is no more light, such as night time, Simba would then lose the things that he owns? Audience may have difficulty in understanding the standard and then interpret differently what the story actually narrates. FACTS VS OPINIONS: A fact is a specific detail that can be proven as true based on objective evidence whereas an opinion is a feeling, judgment, belief, or conclusion that cannot b e proven true and it is always subjective. Fact 1: (09. 25)In this part of the story, Mufasa is trying to teach his son Simba a lesson on the biodiversity on the Pride Land. He is conveying a fact to his son, about which how the circle of life goes. This statement is objective and purely based on what happens in the reality of nature. Mufasa does not incorporate his own feelings or perspective in his statement. Besides, this is also a generally known biology fact, whereby we understand our own position in the vast universe, and it is scientifically verified. Thus, the audience can easily understand the statement and accept it, without analyzing if the statement is true or false and valid or invalid.Fact 2 (23:28) According to this statement, Mufasa is just accounting for a fact that has just happened. He points out what is in reality and it is objective. Simba’s misbehaviors have caused him danger and might have killed him when the hyenas tried to hunt him(Simba). And Mufasa stated out what Simba has just done, which is disobeying him, because Simba went to the shadowy place which Mufasa has warned him not to. It can be verified through watching the movie. Besides, we do not see there is use of biased word judging the incident. Opinion 1 (04:48)Scar makes the statement that life is not fair solely because he shall never be the King. This is a self-centered statement which automatically makes it a subjective statement. And it is a rhetorical question, where Scar wants people to agree with him, and thus it is biased in terms of the choice of words used. We can feel the sense of shame that Scar is trying to express when he cannot be the King, in which we can say the statement is loaded with emotion and is purely a personal judgment to the life he has. Opinion 2 (25:41) In this part of the conversation, I hate lions, shows rather much a biased word is used in judging the lions.Apparently, Banzai does not like lions. Banzai makes the statement according to h is own judgment and it is loaded with emotion. The hyenas think that the lions are pushy, hairy, stinky and ugly and that is why they dislike lions. But that does not make more reason for the audience to listen to them and consequently hates lions as well. Besides, every individual has their own point of view on interpreting the reality. Some people may find lions as cute and brave. Hence, these statements are purely based on the hyenas’ opinions and they are subjective, whereby it is an opinion.They are same the lions, Scar and the other lions, but the hyenas have different judgments on them. When Scar states that lions are not all bad, hyenas agree with him and say that it is just Scar the good lion. And this situation vividly depicts that they judge things differently based on their opinions. INTERROGATIVE AND RHETORICAL QUESTIONS: There are a lot of questions in the movie in which we need to analyze whether they are interrogative questions or rhetorical questions so that we can better understand the messages the director of the movie tries to convey.An interrogative question is meant to solicit some information from someone while a rhetorical question is to encourage someone to agree or to act in a certain way. Interrogative Question 1 Scar asks Simba what he has done and supposedly he expects some answer from Simba and thus, Simba answers and tells what has happened to his dad in the stampede. This is a form of interrogative question where the question is meant to get some information from the other person. Rhetorical Question 1 When Scar states that â€Å"what will your mother think? † he does not actually expect an answer from Simba.Instead, he wants Simba to feel guilty of his father, king Mufasa’s death. Scar wants Simba to reprimand himself for that and leave the Pride Land, whereby Scar will subsequently become the King of the Pride Land. And refer to the following part of the conversation, Scar persuades Simba to leave the plac e. And this makes the rhetorical question established to encourage Simba to act in the way Scar wants him to. Interrogative Question 2 This is a question whereby Simba asks Scar what he should do. And Scar then replies and asks Simba to run away from the land and never come back again.Soliciting information is thus involved in the statement and makes it an interrogative question. Rhetorical Question 2 In the context, Simba asks Nala if the place is great. Simba does not actually require an answer from Nala as he has assumed himself that the place is nice. He actually only wants to get agreement from Nala that the place is nice. Later on, Nala agrees with Simba regarding the question. Therefore, it shows that the rhetorical question is powerful in convincing somebody to agree with it. Interrogative Question 3 Nala questions Simba why he never went back to Pride Rock.And Simba states his reasons. This is another common form of interrogative question where information is required for t he purpose of asking the question. Interrogative Question 4 : Leading question According to the conversation, Simba asks a question in which he wants to make up his mistake to his father and he kind of directs Mufasa to answer in the way that Mufasa has already forgiven him. In Critical Thinking, a leading question is a question to guide someone to answer in a certain way or in the way that you want. Most of the time, a leading question is framed to be a yes-or-no question.So when Mufasa answers â€Å" Right. †, it means that Simba has succeeded in getting his father’s forgiving. [pic] [pic] [pic] [pic] [pic] ———————– Mufasa: Oh, there's more to being king than– getting your way all the time. {Mufasa starts back down the rock} Simba: {Awed} There's more? Zazu: {Flying down} Oh, just look at you two. Little seeds of romance blossoming in the savannah. Your parents will be thrilled†¦ {He lands in front o f them} †¦what with your being betrothed and all. Simba: Be-what? Zazu: Betrothed. Intended. Affianced. Nala: Meaning†¦? (Continued)Zazu: {As though holding on to his coat lapels} One day you two are going to be married! Simba: Yuck! Nala: Ewww! Mufasa: A king's time as ruler rises and falls like the sun. One day Simba, the sun will set on my time here- and will rise with you as the new king. Simba: And this’ll all be mine? Mufasa: Everything. Simba: Everything the light touches†¦ Mufasa: Yes, Simba, but let me explain. When we die, our bodies become the grass. And the antelope eat the grass. And so we are all connected in the great Circle of Life. Mufasa: {Continue} You could have been killed.You deliberately disobeyed me. And what's worse,- you put Nala in danger! Scar: Life's not fair, is it? You see I — well, I†¦ shall never be King. {exhale lightly} And you†¦ shall never see the light of another day. Banzai: Yeah. Man, I hate lions. Shenzi : So pushy. Banzai: And hairy. Shenzi: And stinky. Banzai: And man are they †¦ Shenzi and Banzai: Uuug-LEE! {They laugh. } (continued) (25:21) Scar: {From his perch we saw in the Hyena chase} Oh, surely we lions are not all that bad. Banzai: Ohh. {relieved from the surprise} Oh Scar, it's just you. Scar: Simba. .. What have you done? (36:99) Simba: {Jumps back, crying} There were wildebeest and he tried to save me†¦ It was an accident, I†¦ I didn't mean for it to happen. Scar: {Embracing Simba, yet still distant} Of course, of course, you didn't. No one†¦ ever means {pulls Simba closer. Simba hides his face on Scar’s foreleg} for these things to happen†¦. But the king is dead. {looking with mock regret at Simba} And if it weren't for you, he'd still be alive. {Simba is crushed, believing his guilt. Another thought â€Å"occurs† to Scar. } Oh! What will your mother think? 37:29) Simba: {Sniffing} What am I gonna do? (37:33) Scar: Run away, Simba †¦. Run†¦. Run away, and never return. Simba: Isn't this a great place? (59:01) Nala: It is beautiful†¦. But I don't understand something. You've been alive all this time. Why didn't you come back to Pride Rock? (59:10) Simba: {Climbing into a â€Å"hammock† of hanging vines} Well, I just †¦ needed to get out on my own. Live my own life. And I did. And it's great! {He sounds almost as if trying to convince himself as well as Nala. } Simba: We're pals, right? (24:32) Mufasa: {Gentle laugh} Right.